DISINFORMASI KEAGAMAAN DI INDONESIA: TINJAUAN WACANA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14203/jmb.v22i3.1107Keywords:
Religious Disinformation, Historical Narratives, Directive Principle, Discourse ApproachAbstract
This paper attempts to describe the disinformation on communism, the Republic of China, and Chinese Indonesians that show the correlation between ethnicity and religious sentiments, especially Islam intertwined with historical narratives from the early days of the establishment of the Republic of Indonesia. The interwoven narratives were used to describe a projection of disinformation impact desired by the disinformation actors. Data on religious disinformation discourse was obtained from the cekfakta.com managed by the Indonesian Anti-Defamation Society (Mafindo). The site confirmed whether or not the information is classified as disinformation. The data were analyzed using the theoretical foundation of critical discourse analysis proposed by Fairclough (1989; 1992; 1995) and speech acts developed by Austin (1968) and Searle (1969). Islamic religious disinformation in Indonesia may have a high degree of persuasion since it has a historical foundation, the underlying narrative is maintained by authoritative actors, and is supported by economic inequality conditions among groups of people associated with aspects of religion and ethnicity. This persuasion power can ignite the mental state of the recipient of disinformation dominated by anger, hatred, or revenge in interpreting a discourse. This disinformation can also change the demographic resource potentials into political resources because it is able to reach the majority of Indonesia population. The incident of Chinese worship houses burning in Tanjung Balai shows that the religious disinformation also brings about a potency to escalate into riots or conflicts among groups of people.
Downloads
References
Daftar Pustaka
Austin, J.L. (1968). How To Do Things With Words. New York: Oxford University Press.
Europian Commission. (2018). A multi-dimensional approachto disinformation: Report of the independent High level Group on fake newsand online disinformation. Diunduh dari https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/final-report-high-level-expert-group-fake-news-and-online-disinformation
Fairclough, Norman. (1989). Language and Power. New York: Longman.inc
Fairclough, Norman. (1992). Discourse and Social Changes. Cambrigde: Polity Press
Fairclough, Norman. (1995). Critical Discourse Analysis: The Critical Study of Language. London and New York: Longman.inc
Farkas, J., & Schou, J. (2018). Fake News as a Floating Signifier: Hegemony, Antagonism and the Politics of Falsehood. Javnost, 25(3), 298–314. https://doi.org/10.1080/13183222.2018.1463047
Fukuyama, Francis. (2018). Identity: The Demand for Dignity and The Politic of Resentment. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux
George, Cherian. (2017). Pelintiran Kebencian: Rekayasa Ketersinggungan Agama dan Ancamannya bagi Demokrasi. Jakarta: Pusat Studi Agama dan Demokrasi (PUSAD) Yayasan Paramadina.
Halliday, M.A.K. (1978). Language as Social Semiotic: Social Interpretation of language and meaning. London: Edward Arnold
Harsin, J. (2018). Post-Truth and Critical Communication Studies. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Communication. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.013.757
Information Office of State Council. (2002, Januari 21). "East Turkistan" Terrorist Forces Cannot Get Away With Impunity. Retrieved Maret 2020, from china.org.cn: http://www.china.org.cn/english/2002/Jan/25582.htm
Komisi Nasional HAM. (2016). Keterangan Pers tentang Peristiwa Penyerangan dan Pembakaran Rumah Ibadah di Kota Tanjung Balai Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Diunduh dari https://www.komnasham.go.id/index.php/siaran-pers/2016/08/11/9/keterangan-pers-peristiwa-penyerangan-dan-pembakaran-rumah-ibadah-di-kota-tanjung-balai-provinsi-sumatera-utara.html
Mahmut, D. (2019). Controlling Religious Knowledge and Education for Countering Religious Extremism: Case Study of The Uyghur Muslim in China. FIRE: Forum for International Research in Education, 5(1), 22 - 43.
Martin, J.R. (2009). Discourse Studies. Continum Companion to Systemic Functional Linguistic (M.A.K. Halliday dan Jonathan J. Webster edited). London dan New York: Continum.
Mcgregor, K. (2009). a Reassessment of the Significance of the 1948 Madiun Uprising To the Cold War in Indonesia. Kajian Malaysia, 27(1–2), 85–119.
Moon, Richard. 2018. Putting Faith in Hate: When Religion is The Source or Target of Hate. New York: Cambrigde University Press.
Nadzir, I., Seftiani, S., & Permana, Y. S. (2019).. Hoax and Misinformation in Indonesia: Insights from a Nationwide Survey. ISEAS PERSPECTIVE, 2
PEW Research Center. (2019). How people around the world view religion’s role in their countries. Diunduh dari https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2019/04/22/how-people-around-the-world-view-religions-role-in-their-countries/
Redaksi Islam. (2019). Ketika Allah Runtuhkan Penguasa Sombong. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W1Ahj21OClA
Seri Dokumen Kunci: Temuan Tim Gabungan Pencari Fakta Peristiwa Kerusuhan Mei 1998. Publikasi Komisi Nasional Perempuan
Searle, John R. (1969). Speech Acts: A Essays The Phillosophy of Language. Cambrigde: Cambrigde University Press.
Searle, John. R. (1979). Expression and Meaning. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Sobur, A. (2001). Analisis Teks Media. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya.
Soliev, N. (2019). Uygur Violece and Jihadism in China and Beyond. Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses, 11(1), 71 - 75.
Tahfidz Media. (2019). Sebab Tak Terkena Virus Corona. Diunduh dari https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qWtKYAQYbRY
Temby, Q. (2019). Disinformation, Violence, and Anti-Chinese Sentiment in Indonesia’s 2019 Elections. ISEAS PERSPECTIVE.
Tim PBNU. 2013. Benturan NU-PKI 1948-1965. Jakarta: Pengurus Besar Nahdlatul Ulama.
Tionghoa.info. (2015). Korban Mei 1998: Mengapa harus Perempuan Tiong Hoa. Diunduh dari https://www.tionghoa.info/korban-mei-1998-mengapa-harus-perempuan-tionghoa/
Unesco. (2019). Berita Palsu dan Disinformasi (Penerjemah Engelbertus Wendratama). Prancis: Unesco.
Wahid Institute. (2018). Ringkasan Eksekutif Laporan Tahunan Kemerdekaan Beragama/Berkeyakinan (KBB) di Indonesia 2017: Mengikis Politik Kebencian. Jakarta: Wahid Institute.
Published
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 1970 Ubaidillah Ubaidillah, Arief Hartanto
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- The copyright for articles in this journal is retained by the authors.
- Authors grant to the journal first publication rights and the right to distribute the article, including the journal's web site, online data bases and other similar forms.
- Authors agree to license their work according to Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
- Articles published in JMB are free to use for non-commercial uses as long as the authors and the journal are attributed properly and the new creations are licensed under the indentical terms (license Creative Commons (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
- Authors retain the right to reproduce and distribute their articles in any format, without prior authorization, with the proper acknowledgment to the first publication.
- If the article contains copyright material owned by others, authors should obtain written permission from the copyright owner/s in order to reuse the material. Appropriate acknowledgment should be included.
- Authors are encouraged to post their article online (in institutional repositories, personal websites etc). Any such posting must include a reference and a link to the journal's website.
Penulis yang menerbitkan pada jurnal ini menyetujui ketentuan berikut:
- Hak cipta untuk artikel dalam jurnal ini disimpan oleh penulis.
- Penulis memberikan kepada jurnal hak publikasi pertama dan hak untuk mendistribusikan artikel, termasuk situs web jurnal, basis data online dan bentuk serupa lainnya.
- Penulis setuju untuk melisensikan karya mereka sesuai dengan Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
- Artikel yang diterbitkan dalam JMB bebas digunakan untuk penggunaan non-komersial selama penulis dan jurnal dikaitkan dengan benar dan kreasi baru dilisensikan menurut istilah indentis (lisensi Creative Commons (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
- Penulis mempertahankan hak untuk mereproduksi dan mendistribusikan artikel mereka dalam format apa pun, tanpa izin sebelumnya, dengan pengakuan yang tepat untuk publikasi pertama.
- Jika artikel tersebut berisi materi hak cipta yang dimiliki oleh orang lain, penulis harus mendapatkan izin tertulis dari pemilik hak cipta untuk menggunakan kembali materi tersebut. Pengakuan yang tepat harus disertakan.
- Penulis didorong untuk memposting artikel mereka secara online (dalam repositori institusional, situs web pribadi dll). Setiap posting seperti itu harus menyertakan referensi dan tautan ke situs web jurnal.