CHARISMA AND SOCIAL MEDIA IN INDONESIAN POLITICS

Authors

  • Ibnu Nadzir PMB LIPI
  • Ranny Rastati PMB-LIPI

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14203/jmb.v22i2.1063

Keywords:

digital, social media, charisma, politicians, Indonesia

Abstract

The ability to exploit social media to develop political charisma has become essential for aspiring Indonesian politicians. Social media is even more crucial for those who competes in urban areas, where its citizens has better access on digital technology. Nevertheless, despite the entanglement, study on the function of social media to develop political charisma is still relatively nascent. In this regards, the article explores the way politicians employ social media to get and maintain their power. How do social media affordances enabled politicians to manufacture political charisma? To what extent, political charisma developed on social media enabled politicians to influence their followers? To answer these problem, the article draws from the political trajectory of Ridwan Kamil, Governor of West Java, whose political persona relies heavily on his personal use of social media. Based on digital observation and several in-depth interviews, the article proposes three arguments: First, social media affordances enabled politician to construct political charisma based on multiple representations within a short period of time. Second, the infrastructure of social media has reinforced the blurry lines between personal and public matters in politics. Third, the influence of charisma developed through social media is constrained by social and political contexts.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Ranny Rastati, PMB-LIPI

Research Center for Culture and Society, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (PMB-LIPI)

References

Aberbach, D. (1996). Charisma in Politics , Religion and the Media. Palgrave Macmillan.

Adair-Toteff, C. (2005). Max Weber’s Charisma. Journal of Classical Sociology, 5(2), 189–204. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468795X05053491

Amir, S. (2013). The Technological State in Indonesia: The co-constitution of high technology and authoritarian politics. Routledge.

Anderson, B. (1990a). Further Adventures of Charisma. In Language and Power: Exploring Political Cultures in Indonesia (pp. 78–93). Cornell University Press.

Aberbach, D. (1996). Charisma in Politics , Religion and the Media. Palgrave Macmillan.

Adair-Toteff, C. (2005). Max Weber’s Charisma. Journal of Classical Sociology, 5(2), 189–204. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468795X05053491

Amir, S. (2013). The Technological State in Indonesia: The co-constitution of high technology and authoritarian politics. Routledge.

Anderson, B. (1990a). Further Adventures of Charisma. In Language and Power: Exploring Political Cultures in Indonesia (pp. 78–93). Cornell University Press.

Anderson, B. (1990b). The Idea of Power in Javanese Culture. In Language and Power: Exploring Political Cultures in Indonesia (pp. 17–77). Cornell University Press.

APJII. (2019). Penetrasi & Profil Perilaku Pengguna Internet Indonesia Survei (2018).

Aritenang, A. (2013). Antecedent Analysis of Indonesia ’ s Creative City : The Case of Bandung. In P. Mandal (Ed.), Proceeding of the International Conference on Managing the Asian Century (pp. 139–144). Springer Science + Business Media Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4560-61-0

Aspinall, E. (2015). Oligarchic Populism : Prabowo Subianto ’ s Challenge to Indonesian Democracy. Indonesia, 99, 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1353/ind.2015.0002

Aspinall, E., & Berenschot, W. (2019). Democracy for Sale: Pemilihan Umum, Klientelisme, dan Negara di Indonesia. Yayasan Obor Indonesia.

Borah, P. (2016). Political Facebook Use: Campaign Strategies Used in 2008 and 2012 Presidential Elections. Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 13(4), 326–338. https://doi.org/10.1080/19331681.2016.1163519

Bourchier, D. (2015). Illiberal Democracy in Indonesia: The ideology of the family state. Routledge.

Bruinessen, M. Van (Ed.). (2013). Contemporary Developments in Indonesian Islam: Explaining the “Conservative Turn.” ISEAS Publishing.

Budiatri, A. P., Haris, S., Romli, L., Nuryanti, S., Nurhasim, M., Amalia, L. S., Darmawan, D., & Hanafi, R. I. (2018). Personalisasi Partai Politik di Indonesia Era Reformasi. Jurnal Penelitian Politik, 15(2), 289–306.

Burhani, A. N. (2016). Aksi Bela Islam : Konservatisme dan Fragmentasi Otoritas Keagamaan. Maarif, 11(2), 15–29.

Derman, J. (2012). Max Weber in Politics and Social Thought: From Charisma to Canonization. Cambridge Univ Press.

Ekman, M., & Widholm, A. (2019). Political communication in an age of visual connectivity : Exploring Instagram practices among Swedish politicians. Northern Lights, June 2017, 15–32. https://doi.org/10.1386/nl.15.15

Fuady, A. H. (2018). Teknologi Digital dan Ketimpangan Ekonomi di Indonesia. Masyarakat Indonesia, 44(1), 75–88.

Hadi, A. (2017). “Bobotoh Persib” dan Konstruksi Identitas di Era Digital. Jurnal Masyarakat & Budaya, 19(1), 131–152.

Hadi, A. (2018). Bridging Indonesia’s Digital Divide: Rural-Urban Linkages? Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik, 22(1), 17–33. https://doi.org/10.22146/jsp.31835

Hefner, R. W. (2000). Civil Islam: Muslims and Democratization in Indonesia. Princeton University Press.

Herdiansah, A. G., Gunawan, W., & Muhammad, R. A. T. (2014). Gerakan Komunitas Kota dan Politik Pemilu dalam Pemenangan Ridwan Kamil- Oded Danial pada Pemilihan Walikota Bandung 2013. Konferensi Nasional Sosiologi III, 20-22 Mei, 1–14.

Hootsuite. (2019). DIGITAL 2019: INDONESIA.

Hughes-Freeland, F. (2007). Charisma and celebrity in Indonesian politics. Anthropological Theory, 7(2), 177–200.

Hunter, W., & Power, T. J. (2019). Bolsonaro and Brazil ’ s Illiberal Backlash. Journal of Democracy, 30(1), 68–82.

Iqbal, M. (2016). Ridwan Kamil for Mayor: A study of political figure on Twitter. Stockholm University.

Kenny, P. D. (2019). Populism in Southeast Asia (E. Aspinall & M. L. Weiss (Eds.)). Cambridge Univ Press.

Kitley, P. (1994). Fine Tuning Control: Commercial Television in Indonesia. Australian Journal of Media and Culture, 8, 103–123.

Lalancette, M., & Raynauld, V. (2017). The Power of Political Image : Justin Trudeau, Instagram, and Celebriti Politics. American Behavioral Scientist, 00(1–37). https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764217744838

Lim, M. (2013). Many Clicks but Little Sticks : Social Media Activism in Indonesia. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 43(4), 636–657. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472336.2013.769386

Lim, M. (2017). Freedom to hate: social media, algorithmic enclaves, and the rise of tribal nationalism in Indonesia. Critical Asian Studies, 49(3), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/14672715.2017.1341188

Marshall, D. (1997). Celebrity and Power. University of Minessota Press.

Mietzner, M. (2009). Indonesia ’ s 2009 Elections : Populism , Dynasties and the Consolidation of the Party System (Issue May).

Mietzner, M. (2014). How Jokowi Won and Democracy Survived. Journal of Demo, 25(4), 111–125. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2014.0073

Miichi, K. (2014). The Role of Religion and Ethnicity in Jakarta’s 2012 Gubernatorial Election. Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 33(1), 55–83.

Millie, J. (2018). An Anthropological Approach to the Islamic Turn in Indonesia ’ s Regional Politics. TRaNS: Trans - Regional and - National Studies of Southeast Asia, 6(2), 207–226. https://doi.org/10.1017/trn.2018.6

Mudde, C., & Kaltwasse, R. (2014). Populism and Political Leadership. In R. A. W. Rhodes & P. ’T Hart (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Political Leadership (pp. 296–305).

Norris, P., & Inglehart, R. (2019). Cultural Backlash: Trump, Brexit, and Authoritarian Populism. Cambridge University Press.

Robinson, K. (2018). Gender Culture and Politics in Post-New Order in Indonesia. In R. W. Hefner (Ed.), Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Indonesia (pp. 309–321).

Rojek, C. (2001). Celebrity. Reaktion Books.

Shiraishi, S. S. (1997). Young Heroes: The Indonesian Family in Politics. Cornell Southeast Asia Program.

Syamsuddin, D., Wijaya, V., & Bernando, A. (2019). The phenomenon of blusukan strategy with 3D AVATAR concept in political campaign of West Java governor ( A case study : Mr Ridwan Kamil and Mr Uu Ruzhanuk Ulum as candidate election ). International Conference on Advance and Scientific Innovation (ICASI), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1175/1/012241

Ufen, A. (2006). Political Parties in Post-Suharto Indonesia : Between politik aliran and ’ Philippinisation ’ (Issue 37).

Weber, M. (1946). The Sociology of Charismatic Authority. In From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology (pp. 245–253). Oxford University Press.

Weber, M. (1947). MAX WEBER : The Theory of Social and Economic Organization. The Free Press.

Widyawati, N. (2014). Etnisitas dan Agama Sebagai Isu Politik: Kampanye Pemilu JK-Wiranto pada Pemilu 2009. Yayasan Obor Indonesia.

Wijaya, H. Y. (2019). Localising queer identities: queer activisms and national belonging in Indonesia. In G. Fealy & R. Ricci (Eds.), Contentious Belonging : The Place of Minorities in Indonesia (pp. 133–154). ISEAS Publishing.

Published

2020-11-05

Issue

Section

ARTICLES