BERAKHIRNYA FRONTIR PERTANIAN: KAJIAN HISTORIS WILAYAH BESUKI, 1870-1970

Authors

  • Nawiyanto Nawiyanto

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14203/jmb.v14i1.88

Abstract

This article discusses the agricultural sector of Besuki from an environmental history perspective. The theoretical framework upon which the analysis is built is taken from frontier theories as developed by Turner in the context of American historical experience and Butcher in the context of Southeast Asia. Drawing upon primary and secondary historical source materials, the article argues that the development of the agricultural frontier of Besuki resulted from a combination factors of demography, echnology and overseas market as the driving forces. The inflows of migrant made it possible to exploit the widely available and uncultivated lands for developing commercial crops induced demands from the international markets, and facilitated by the improved technology. The agricultural sector of Besuki translated human agency as an environmental change mover. Human-made landscape grew rapidly and a variety of crops developed from 1870. However, in the 1950s the agricultural frontier of Besuki was closed, as indicated by the decreasing percapita land ownership, the escalating conflicts over lands, and the outgoing migration. This development was also inseparable from the growing environmental consciousness demanding the stoppage of the uncontrolled forest conversion which was also environmentally dangerous for running agricultural activities.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

ANRI, Arsip Residensi, Besuki no. 9.13 dan no. 9.16. “Algemeen Verslag van Residentie Besoek over het Jaar 1882, 1885â€.

Arifin, Edy Burhan. 1989. â€Emas Hijau- di Jember: Asal-Usul, Pertumbuhan dan Pengaruhnya dalam Kehidupan SosialEkonomi Masyarakat 1860-1980â€. Tesis. Yogyakarta: Fakultas Pasca Sarjana Universitas Gadjah Mada. Arifin,

Winarsih Partaningrat. 1995. Babad Blambangan, Yogyakarta: Bentang and École Française de’Extrême Orient.

Boomgaard, P. and J.L. van Zanden. 1990. Changing Economy in Indonesia, Vol. 10: Food Crops and Arable Lands, Java 1815- 1942, Amsterdam: Royal Tropical Institute.

Boomgaard, Peter. 1989. “Maize and Tobacco in Upland Indonesia, 1600-1940â€, in Tania Murray Li (ed.), Transforming the Indonesian Uplands: Marginality, Power and Production, Singapore: ISEAS, hlm. 45-78.

Broersma, R. 1912. Besoeki: Een Gewest in Opkomst, Amsterdam: Scheltema. Colombijn, Freek. 1997. “The Ecological Sustainability of Frontier Societies in Eastern Sumatraâ€, dalam Peter Boomgaard, Freek Colombijn, dan David Henley (eds), Paper Landscapes: Explorations in the Environmental History of Indonesia. Leiden: KITLV Press, hlm. 309-339.

De Jonge, Huub. 1988. Madura Dalam Empat Zaman, Jakarta: KITLV dan Gramedia

De Oeconomische. 1893. “De Oeconomische Toestand van de Gewesten die door den Geprojecteerden Spoorweg Probolinggo-Pasirian worden doorsnedenâ€, De Indische Gids, 15, 1, hlm. 1073-1093.

Elson, R.E. 1994. Village Java under the cultivation system, 1830-1870, Sydney: Allen and Unwin.

Ertsen, Maurits Willem. 2005. Prescribing Perfection: Emergence of an Engineering Irrigation Design Approach in the Netherlands East Indies and Its Legacy 1830-1990. Delft: Technische Universiteit.

Flannery, Timothy Fridtjof. 1994/1997. The Future Eaters: An Ecological History of the Australasian Lands and People, Sydney: New Holland Publishers.

Hortsmann, K. dan W. Rutz, 1980. The Population Distribution on Java 1971: A Map of Population Density by Sub-Districts and Its Analysis. Tokyo: Institute of Developing Economies.

Ingleson, John. 1988. “Urban Java During the Depressionâ€, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 19, 2, hlm. 292-309. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400000576

Kartodirdjo, Sartono dan Djoko Surjo. 1991. Sejarah Perkebunan di Indonesia, Yogyakarta: Aditya Media.

Kementerian Penerangan. 1953. Republik Indonesia: Propinsi Djawa Timur, Surabaja: Djawatan Penerangan Republik Indonesia Propinsi Djawa Timur.

Kuntowijoyo, 1980. “Social Change in an Agrarian Society: Madura, 1850-1940.†Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Columbia University, New York.

Kwee Hui Kian. 2006. The Political Economy of the Java’s Northeast Coast c. 1740-1800, Leiden: Brill.

Landbouwatlas. 1926. Landbouwatlas van Java en Madoera, 2 volume. Weltevreden: Department van Landbouw, Nijverheid en Handel. Laporan Survei. 1977/1978. â€Laporan Survei Sosial Ekonomi Budaya di Daerah Pantai Pulau Jawa Sebelah Utara dan Banyuwangiâ€, Survei Report. Yogyakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Transmigrasi and Departemen Ilmu Perikanan, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Manggistan, 1986. “Produksi Padi di Jawa Yang Tidak Mencukupiâ€, Sajogyo dan William L. Collier (eds), Budidaya Padi di Jawa, Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia dan Gramedia, hlm. 99-142.

Nawiyanto. 2003. Agricultural Development in a Frontier Region of Java: Besuki 1870-the early 1990s. Yogyakarta: Galang Press.

Nawiyanto. 2007 “Environmental Change in a Frontier Region of Java: Besuki 1870-1970â€. PhD. Thesis, Canberra: The Australian National University.

Nawiyanto. 2009. “Growing Golden Leafâ€: Tobacco Production in Besuki Residency 1870-1970â€, Paper pada Seminar “Plant, People, Consumption and Works: The Social History of Cashcrops in Asia 18th-20th centuriesâ€, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Gadjah Mada University, 13-15 Agustus. Onderzoek. 1907-1908. Onderzoek naar de Mindere Welvaart der Inlandsche Bevolking op Java en Madoera, Vol. 5b, 5(14), 7(14), Batavia: Van Dorp.

Padmo, Soegijanto. 1994. The Cultivation of Vorstenlands Tobacco in Surakarta Residency and Besuki Tobacco in Besuki Residency and Its Impact on the Peasant Economy and Society: 1860-1960, Yogyakarta: Aditya Media.

Pasandaran, Effendi, H.A. Priyanto, Manggara Tambunan, and Wirawan. 1973. “Masalah Pembinaan Irigasi di Wilayah Irigasi Pekalen Sampeanâ€, Survei Report, No. 01/73/L.S, Jakarta: Survei Agroekonomi.

Semaoen, M.I. 1971. Pengusahaan dan Tata-Niaga Djagung di Djawa Timur, Malang: Fak. Pertanian Universitas Brawidjaja.

Tennekes, J. 1963. “De Bevolkingspreiding der Residentie Besoeki in 1930â€, Tijdschrift van het Koninklijke Nederlandsch Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, 80, hlm. 309-423. Turner, Frederick Jackson. 1920. The Frontier in American History, New York: Henry Holt.

Van der Elst, P. 1986. “Krisis Budidaya padi di Jawaâ€, Sajogyo dan William L. Collier (eds), Budidaya Padi di Jawa, Jakarta: YOI, hlm.143-170.

Van der Eng, Pierre. 1996. Agricultural Growth in Indonesia: Productivity Change and Policy Impact since 1880, Basingstoke: Macmillan.

Van Gent, L.F. 1912. “De Afdeeling Banjoewangiâ€, Jaarverslag van den Topograpischen Dienst in Nederlandsch-Indië over 1911, Batavia: Topographische Inrichting, hlm. 199-216.

Verslag BOW. 1920-1922. Verslag over de Burgelijke Openbare Werken in Nederlandsch-Indië over het Jaar 1916, 1916. Batavia: G. Kolff.

Issue

Section

ARTICLES