ETNOGRAFI: MEMBUAT DATA BERCERITA

Authors

  • Ninuk Kleden-Probonegoro

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14203/jmb.v14i1.85

Abstract

This article aims to show how one can organize ethnographic data in such a way that these data can “tell a storyâ€. As a social and human science method ethnography has been used by almost all researchers of socio-cultural problems in a manner in which it is treated as something given as if anything could go in it and it can be interpreted according to one’s own will. As a result, ethnography is deprived of its own meaning, and loses its nature as a means of story-telling while lacking its ability to account for the story it produces. This is the reason which has motivated my effort to objectify in this article what an ethnography should be like and how as a social science method it can describe a socio-cultural reality or an imagination, and even can make an imagination the very reality which a thick description can bring about. Qualitative ethnographic data can tell a story at diagnostic or interpretive level. In so doing ethnographic descriptions become accountable because these are based on an epistemological ground.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Agar, Michael H. 1980. The Profesional Stranger; An Informal Introduction to Ethnography. Orlando, San Diego, New York: Academic Press, Inc. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/089124168101000111

Aunger, Robert. 2004. Reflexive Ethnographic Science. New York, Toronto, Oxford: Altamira Press.

Benson, Paul (Introduction by Edward M.Brunner). 1993. Anthropology and Literature. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press.

Benveniste, E. 1971. Problems in General Linguistics. Coral Gables: University of Miamy Press.

Clair, Robin Patric. 2003. Expressions of Ethnography: Novel Approaches to Qualitative Method. New York: State University Press.

Clifford, James & Marcuss George E. 1986. Writing Culture; The Poetic and Politics of Ethnography. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press.

de Saussure, F. 1966. Course in General Linguistics (diterjemahkan oleh Wade Baskin, dari bahasa Perancis ke dalam bahasa Inggris dengan pengantar dan catatan). New York, Toronto, Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.

Denzin, Norman K. 1996. Interpretive Ethnography; Ethnographic Practices for the 21st Century. London, New Delhi: SAGE Publication Ltd.

Dilthey, William. 1976. Selected Writings. (diberi kata pengantar, diedit, dan diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Inggris oleh Rickman H.P.). Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.

Duranti, Alessandro. 2000. “Ethnografic Methodsâ€. Linguistic Anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Gadamer, H.G. 1988. Teruth and Method. London: Sheed and Ward.

Geertz, Clifford. 1960. The Religion of Java. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Geertz, Clifford. 1973. The Interpretation of Cultures. New York: Basic Books.

Geertz, Clifford. 1973. The Interpretation of Cultures. New York: Basic Books, Inc, Publischer.

Geertz, Clifford. 1988. Works and Lives: The Anthropologist as Author. Oxford: Basil Blackwell Ltd.

Geertz, Clifford. 1995. After The fact; Two Countries, Four Decades, One Anthropologist. Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Geertz, Clifford. 2000. Available Light; Anthropological Reflections on Philosophical Topics. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.

Greenblad, Stephen. 1997. “The Touch of the Realâ€. The Fact of Culture; Geertz and Beyond (ed. Shery B.Otner). Berkely. Los Angels. London:University of California Press. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/2928812

Granadillo, Tania & Orcutt-Gachiri, Heidi (ed.). 2011. Ethnografic Contributions to the Study of Endangered Languages. Arizona: The University of Arizona Press.

Hjelmslev, L. 1961. Prolegomena to a Theory of Language (diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Inggris oleh Whitfield F.J.). Madison: University of Wisconsin.

Kartodirdjo, Sartono. 1982. Pemikiran dan Perkembangan Historiografi Indonesia. Jakarta: Gramedia

Katubi (ed.). 2005. Identitas Etnolinguistik Orang Hamap: Kode Etnisitas & Bahasa Simbol. Jakarta: LIPI Press.

Katubi (ed.). 2007. Identitas Etnolinguistik Orang Hamap: Perubahan Dalam Divergensi & Konvergensi. Jakarta: LIPI Press. Kleden, Ignas. 1987. Sikap Ilmiah dan Kritik kebudayaan. Jakarta: LP3ES.

Kleden, Ignas. 1998. “Dari Etnografi ke Etnografi Tentang Etnografi: Antropologi Clifford Geertz dalam tiga Tahapâ€. Pengantar After the Fact; Dua Negeri, Empat Dasawarsa, Satu Antropolog (terjemahan Landung Simatupang). Yogyakarta: LKiS: ix – xxii.

Kleden-Probonegoro, Ninuk. 1987. Teater Topeng Sebagai Teks: Kajian Antropologi. Disertasi yang dipertahankan di Universitas Indonesia.

Kleden-Probonegoro, Ninuk. 1994. Hermeneutik dan Teks Sebagai Metode Penelitian Sosial-Budaya. Ditulis di Bielefeld. 265 hlm (draft naskah, tidak diterbitkan).

Kleden-Probonegoro, Ninuk. 2010. “Mamanda Theatre; The Play of Banjar Cultureâ€. Wacana; Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Budaya Vol.12 No 1 (April 2010). hlm. 162-180. Doi: https://doi.org/10.17510/wjhi.v12i1.82

Kleden-Probonegoro, Ninuk & Alie Humaedi. 2010. Segoro & Negoro: Kemiskinan dari Perspektif Kebudayaan Jakarta: LIPI Press.

Kleden-Probonegoro, Ninuk & Alie Humaedi. 2011. Lembaga Tradisi: Antara Eksistensi Reproduksi Kemiskinan. Jakarta: LIPI Press.

Nieuwehuis, Anton W. (Pengantar Koentjaraningrat).1994. Di Pedalaman Borneo; Perjalanan Dari Pontianak ke Samarinda 1894. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

Ortner, Sherry B. (ed). 1999. The Fate of ′Culture′; Geertz and Beyond. London: University of California Press. Ltd.

Parkin, Robert & de Sales, Anne (ed.). 2010. Out of The Study and Into The Field; Ethnographic Theory and Practice and French Anthropology. New York, Oxford: Bergbahn Books.

Pramoedya Ananta Toer. 1981. Bumi Manusia. Jakarta: Hasta Mitra.

Pramoedya Ananta Toer. 1987. Gadis Pantai. Jakarta: Hasta Mitra.

Renato Rosaldo. 1997. “A Note on Geertz as a Cultural Esaysâ€. The Fact of Culture; Geertz and Beyond (ed. Shery B.Otner). Berkely. Los Angels. London:University of California Press.

Ricoeur, Paul. 1976. Interpretation Theory: Discourse and the Surplus of Meaning (kata pengantar oleh Klein,T.). Forth Worth: The Texas Christian University Press.

Ricoeur, Paul. 1978. The Philosophy of Paul Ricoeur: An Anthology of His Work (diedit dengan kata pengantar oleh C. Reagan dan D. Stewart). Boston: Beacon Press

Ricoeur, Paul. 1982. Hermeneutics and the Human Sciences: Essays on Language, Action and Interpretation (diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Inggris dengan pengantar oleh Thomas J.B.). Cambridge, London: Cambridge University Press.

Sewell, William H. 1997. “Geertz, Cultural System and History From Syncrony to Transformationâ€. The Fact of Culture; Geertz and Beyond (ed. Shery B.Otner). Berkely. Los Angels. London:University of California Press.

Tohari, Achmad. 1992. Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk. Jakarta: PT.Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

Tohari, Achmad 1992a. Lintang Kemukus Dini Hari. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

Turner, Victor W & Bruner, Edward M. (ed.) 1986. The Anthropology of Experience. Urbana & Chicago: University of Illinois Press.

Whorf, Benyamin Lee. 2000. Dalam Linguistic Anthropology (Alessandro Duranti). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Kamus

Departemen Pendidikan nasional. 2008. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia Edisi keempat. Jakarta: Penerbit PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

Hoult, Thomas Ford. 1977. Dictionary of ModernSociology. New Jersey: Littlefield, Adams & Co.

Theodorson, George A & Theodorson, Achilles G. 1970. Modern Dictionary of Sociology. New York: Thomas Y. Conwell Company.

Winick Charles. 1956. Dictionary of Anthropology. New Jersey: Littlefield. Adams & Co.

Issue

Vol. 14 No. 1 (2012)

Section

ARTICLES

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  1. The copyright for articles in this journal is retained by the authors.
  2. Authors grant to the journal first publication rights and the right to distribute the article, including the journal's web site, online data bases and other similar forms.
  3. Authors agree to license their work according to Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
  4. Articles published in JMB are free to use for non-commercial uses as long as the authors and the journal are attributed properly and the new creations are licensed under the indentical terms (license Creative Commons (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
  5. Authors retain the right to reproduce and distribute their articles in any format, without prior authorization, with the proper acknowledgment to the first publication.
  6. If the article contains copyright material owned by others, authors should obtain written permission from the copyright owner/s in order to reuse the material. Appropriate acknowledgment should be included.
  7. Authors are encouraged to post their article online (in institutional repositories, personal websites etc). Any such posting must include a reference and a link to the journal's website.

Penulis yang menerbitkan pada jurnal ini menyetujui ketentuan berikut:

  1. Hak cipta untuk artikel dalam jurnal ini disimpan oleh penulis.
  2. Penulis memberikan kepada jurnal hak publikasi pertama dan hak untuk mendistribusikan artikel, termasuk situs web jurnal, basis data online dan bentuk serupa lainnya.
  3. Penulis setuju untuk melisensikan karya mereka sesuai dengan Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
  4. Artikel yang diterbitkan dalam JMB bebas digunakan untuk penggunaan non-komersial selama penulis dan jurnal dikaitkan dengan benar dan kreasi baru dilisensikan menurut istilah indentis (lisensi Creative Commons (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
  5. Penulis mempertahankan hak untuk mereproduksi dan mendistribusikan artikel mereka dalam format apa pun, tanpa izin sebelumnya, dengan pengakuan yang tepat untuk publikasi pertama.
  6. Jika artikel tersebut berisi materi hak cipta yang dimiliki oleh orang lain, penulis harus mendapatkan izin tertulis dari pemilik hak cipta untuk menggunakan kembali materi tersebut. Pengakuan yang tepat harus disertakan.
  7. Penulis didorong untuk memposting artikel mereka secara online (dalam repositori institusional, situs web pribadi dll). Setiap posting seperti itu harus menyertakan referensi dan tautan ke situs web jurnal.