Reorientasi Keagamaan dan Konseptualisasi Ukhuwah Islamiyah: Dua Kasus dari Jawa Timur

Authors

  • Endang Turmudi PMB

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14203/jmb.v1i1.701

Keywords:

Relationship, conflict, muslim

Abstract

This article discusses the social relationship between Muslim groups in Jombang and Pasuruan, East Java. It highlights the relationship between traditionalist orthodox Muslim represented by NU and Modernist Orthodox Muslim represented by Muhammadiyah. The relationship is marked by tension and conflict. This conflicts is inevitable, not only because they do difference practice of Islam but also because they have different political orientation. It is argued, however, that this conflict wll not come into disintegrative situation, since at the cultural level muslims have a common integrated system, us the same focabularies and are bound by the same ideology. In addition, it is interesting to note that there are emerging changes in Muslims’ perspective at grassroots level about their relations with other Muslim groups. Such changes constitute their response to the existing and continuous changes in the socio-political realm. The changes have brought them to reformulate their socio-political order, either concerned with the Islamic leadership or with the Islamic ideals that they must pursue in general. What is important in regard to such reformulation (reevaluation) is the concept of Ukhuwwah Islamiyyah (Muslim Brotherhood). The concept has long been interpreted and used inappropriately. The concept is concerned with relations between Muslim groups, which have long been marked by strong primordialism. The re-evaluation of Ukhuwwah Islamiyyah represents a self crilique by Muslims of themselves after they experienced their misconduct in regard to their relationship with each other. It gives rise to mutual understanding between them and juxiaposes one Muslim to another. It is not accidental that intermarriage between Muslims of various groups in present day Jombang and Pasuruan occurs more often thatn that in the past.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdullah, Taufik. 1998. Laporan Pandangan Hidup Ulama Indonesia. Jakarta: IPSK (LIPI).

Alexander, J. 1998. Action and Its Environments: Toward a New Synthesis. New York: Colombia University Press.

Baabdullah, MO. N.d. Fatwa dan Pendirian Ulama Sunni terhadap Aqidah Syi’ah. Surabaya: Yayasan Perguruan Al-Irsyad

Bamees, Douglas F. 1978. “Charisma and Religious Leadership: An Historical Analysisâ€, Journal of the Scientific Study of Religion, 17 (1): pp. 1-18.

Berger, Peter L. 1963. “Charisma and Religious Innovation: the Social Location of Israelite Prophecy, American Sociological Review, 28 (6), pp 40-50.

_____. 1985. Sosiology Ditafsirkan Kembali. Jakarta: LP3ES.

Binder, Leonard. 1959. “Islamic Tradition and Politics: The Kyai and the Alimâ€, Comparative study in Society and History, Vol. II: pp. 250-256

Dhofier, Z. 1982. Tradisi Pesantren: Studi tentang Pandangan Hidup Kyai. Jakarta: LP3ES.

_____. 1980. The Pesantren Tradition: A Study of the Role of Kyai in the Maintenance of the Traditional Ideology of Islam in Java. Ph.D. Thesis. ANU, Canberra.

Fox, James J, and Dirjosanjoto, P. 1989. The Memories of Village Santri From Jombang in East Java. In R.J. May and Wiliam J O’Mallay ed. Observing Change in Asia. Bathurs. Crawford House Press.

Geertz, C. 1965. The Social History of an Indonesian Town. Cambridge, Massachusett: MIT Press.

_____, 1960. The Religion of Java. Glencoe: The Free Press.

_____, 1959a. “The Javanese Kyai: The Changing Role of a Cultural Brokerâ€, Comparative Studies in Society and History, (2): pp. 250-256.

_____. 1959b. “The Javanese Village†in G. William Skinner ed. Local, Ethnic, and National Loyalities in Village Indonesia: A Symposium. Yale University Cultural Report Series, Southeast Asian Studies.

_____, 1974. “Konflik dan Integrasi Agama dan Maysarakat di Mojokuto†dalam Taufik Abdullah ed, Islam di Indonesia. Jakarta: Tintamas

Hammond, J. L. 1979. The Politic of Benevolence: Revival Religion and American Voting Behaviour. Norwood: Ablex Publishing Corporation.

Hefner, Robert W. 1987. Islamizing Java? Religion and Politics in Rural East Java, The Journal of Asian Studies, 46 (3) August

Hill, Michael. 1973. A Sociology of Religion. England: Avebury

Horikoshi, H. 1976. A Traditional Leader in a Time of Change: The Kyai and Ulama in West Java. Thesis for Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University of Illinois, Urbana

Jackson, K. D. 1973. Traditional Authority, Islam and Rebellion. University California Press.

Jay, Robert. 1963. Religion and Politics in Rural Java. Yale University

Mansumoor, I. Arifin. 1990. Islam in an Indonesian World: Ulama of Madura. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.

Noer, D. 1980. Gerakan Modern Islam di Indonesia 1900-1942. Jakarta: LP3ES

Pranowo, Bambang. 1991. Creating the Tradition of Islam in Java. Ph. D. Thesis, Monash University, Victoria.

Riclef, M. 1979. “Six Centuries of Islamization in Javaâ€. In N Levtzian ed. Conversion to Islam. New York: Holmes and Meir

Samson, Alan A. 1978. “Conception of Politics, Power, and Ideology in Contemporary Indonesian Islamâ€, Karl D Jackson and Lucian Pye ed. Political Power and Communication in Indonesia. Berkeley: University Califonia Press

Smith, D.E. 1971. Religion, Politics and Social Change in the Third World. New York: Free Press.

Steenbrink, Karel A. 1974. Pesantren, Madrasah, Sekolah. Jakarta: LP3ES.

Weber, Max. 1968. On Charisma and Institution Building. Chicago: University of Chicago Press

Wilson, B. 1976. Religion in Sociological Perspective. New York: Oxford University Press.

Issue

Section

ARTICLES