POROS MARITIM: DALAM KERANGKA SEJARAH MARITIM DAN EKONOMI PERTAHANAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14203/jmb.v18i3.569Keywords:
ekonomi pertahanan, poros maritim, sejarah maritimAbstract
Lautan dan samudra merupakan sumber daya yang tak terbatas di mana lautan telah digunakan sebagai sarana transportasi, sumber makanan, pertambangan dan perdagangan laut serta medium proyeksi kekuatan suatu negara. Nilai penting laut dan samudera di era globalisasi ditandai dengan meningkatnya lalu lintas perdagangan laut. Sejarah membuktikan bahwa negara yang memilih lautan untuk memajukan kepentingan, mereka menjadi kuat secara politik dan makmur secara ekonomi. Indonesia sebagai kekuatan maritim yang besar telah mendominasi pusat jalur sutera di abad ke-10 sampai abad ke-14. Gagasan poros maritim Indonesia saat ini menunjukkan upaya pemerintah untuk memperkuat kekuatan nasional dan kemakmuran rakyat Indonesia berdasarkan kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan aktivitas kemaritiman. Tulisan ini menjelaskan poros maritim dari perspektif sejarah maritim dan perspektif ekonomi pertahanan. Kerangka teoritis dari A.T Mahan, J.S. Corbett, J.R. Hill dan Ken Booth digunakan untuk memahami poros maritim dalam perspektif ekonomi pertahanan. Kedua pendekatan tersebut digunakan secara bertautan di mana sejarah maritim tidak akan membantu tanpa pedoman teoritis, sedangkan teori memerlukan catatan sejarah sebagai bukti empiris untuk menggambarkan pola yang ada sebagai kerangka awal bagi pemahaman poros maritim Indonesia. Seas and oceans are endless resources used for transportation, food sources, offshore mining and sea commerce as well as medium of state’s power projection. In the era of globalization, the importance of seas and oceans is marked with the increasing of international sea commerce traffic. Furthermore, history shows that the nations choosing oceans to advance their interest became politically strong and economically prosperous. Indonesia with a great maritime power dominated the center of ancient maritime Silk Road from 10th to 14th century. The idea of maritime fulcrum in the current development, therefore, shows the government efforts to strengthen Indonesia’s national power and prosperity based on maritime activities. This paper describes maritime fulcrum from the perspectives of maritime history and defense economy. Theoretical frameworks from A.T Mahan, J.S. Corbett, J.R. Hill, and Ken Booth are used to understand the maritime fulcrum in the defense economy perspective. The maritime history will not help without theoretical guidelines and theory requires historical record as empirical evidence to draw the patterns in order to conceptualize Indonesia’s maritime fulcrum.Downloads
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