PEMBERDAYAAN DAN AKSI KOLEKTIF PEREMPUAN: SEBUAH REFLEKSI SOSIOLOGIS

Authors

  • Ida Ruwaida Departemen Sosiologi, FISIP UI

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14203/jmb.v18i2.416

Abstract

This paper focuses on the women’s collective action related to the economic empowerment through poverty reduction programs. Empirically, policies and programs of poverty reduction, do not able to stimulate women’s capacities and awareness, both individually and collectivelly. The roles of women is more instrumental than substantive. Moreover, those programs have failed to empower women for organizing themselves to articulate their interests collectivelly. Some cases reflects that the women’s association rely on their leader. It means the performance of association and also the economic matters still depended on the capacity of the leader. The women leaders are able to develop institutional transformation even they face structural and cultural obstacles. Sociologycally, it is interesing to reveal the strategiesof women agencies in dealing with those obstacles. Keywords: Women’s collective actions, women agency, economic empowerment, instrumental roles, transformative roles, institutional transformation. Tulisan ini memfokuskan perhatian pada aksi kolektif perempuan dalam upaya pemberdayaan ekonominya melalui program penanggulangan kemiskinan. Berdasar kajian terefleksi bahwa kebijakan maupun program penanggulangan kemiskinan masih belum menstimuli kapasitas dan kesadaran kritis perempuan baik secara individual maupun kolektif. Artinya, perempuan masih diposisikan dengan peran instrumentalnya, bukan peran substantif/transformatifnya. Menariknya, ada kecenderungan program-program yang ada justru menfragmentasi perempuan. Hal ini dimungkinkan ketika kebutuhan dan kesadaran perempuan untuk mengorganisir diri dan memperjuangkan kepentingan bersama masih lemah. Pada sejumlah kasus, aksi kolektif perempuan sangat diwarnai oleh keberadaan figur yang memiliki kapasitas individual sebagai agen perubahan. Aktor perempuan ini mampu melakukan transformasi institusional, meski berhadapan dengan tantangan struktural dan kultural. Secara sosiologis, menarik mengungkap strategi agensi perempuan dalam menyikapi tantangan-tantangan struktural maupun kultural. Kata kunci: Aksi kolektif perempuan, agensi perempuan, pemberdayaan ekonomi, peran instrumental, peran substantif/transformatif, transformasi institusional.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Chafetz, Janet Saltzman. (1988). Feminist sociology: An Overview of Comtemporary Theories. Itasca-Illinois, F.E.Paecock Publishers.Inc.

----------------------------. (1989). Gender equality: Toward a theory of change. In Ruth Wallace (Ed). Feminism and Sociological Theory. (p.135-160). California: SAGE Publications, Inc.

Cornwall, A. (2000). â€Making a Difference? Gender and Prticipatory Developmentâ€.

IDS Dicussion Paper, No. 378. November.

Cousins, J.B. & Whitmore, E. (1988). Framing Participatory Evaluation. New Directions for Evaluation, 80, p.5-23.

Ife, Jim and Frank Tesoriero. (2006), Community development: Alternatif pengembangan masyarakat di era globalisasi, (Satatrawan Manulang, Nurul Yakin, & M.Nursyahid, penerjemah. 2008). Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar

Ikasari. (2003).†Implikasi Program Pemberdayaan terhadap Otonomi Perempuan: Studi Kasus Program Tingkat Netral di Bina Swadaya dan Tingkat Positif di PPSWâ€. Tesis. Jakarta: Program Kajian Wanita, Pascasarjana Universitas Indonesia.

Ismawan, Bambang. (2000). “Bina Swadaya dan Pengembangan Keuangan Mikro untuk Mengatasi Kemiskinanâ€. Disampaikan pada Lokakarya Lembaga Keuangan Mikro di Indonesia. Bogor, 4-5 Juli 2000.

Kabeer, Naila. (1994). Reversed realitis: gender hierarchies in development thought. London-New York: Verso.crossref

Kabeer, Naila. (2005). Gender equality and women’s empowerment: A critical analysis of the third millenium development goals. Gender and Development Vol.13. No.3. Maret. Lengermann.crossref

Patricia Madoo, and Jill Niebrugge. (1996). Contemporary feminist theory. In George Ritzer, Sociological theory. (p.436-486). The McGraw-Hill Companies. Inc.

Lengermann, Patricia Madoo, and Jill NiebruggeBrantley. (2009). Teori feminis kontemporer. Dalam George Ritzer, Teori sosiologi. (hal.487-536). (Nurhadi, Penerjemah). Yogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana.

Mayoux, Linda and Maria Hartl, “Gender and rural microfinance: reaching and empowering women: Guide for practitionersâ€, International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), 2009.

Putnam, R. (1993). Making democracy work: civic tradition in modern Italy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.crossref

Putnam, Robert, and Robert Leonardi, Rafaella Nanetti. (1996). “Making democracy work: Tradition in modern Italyâ€, Princenton, NJ: Princenton University Press.crossref

Pickering, W.S.F, (1998). Representation as understood by Durkheim: an introductory sketch, in WSF Pickering (ed). Durkheim and Representations: Routledge Studies in Social and Political Thought. (p.1931). London and New York: Routledge.

Ritzer, George & Douglas J. Goodman (2004). Classical Socilogical Theory. Ohio: McGraw-Hill.

Ritzer, George. (1996). Sociological Theory. Ohio: McGraw-Hill Companies.

Sardjono, Mustofa Agung. (2004). Mosak Sosiologis Kehutanan: Masyarakat Lokal, Politik, dan Kelestarian Sumber Daya. Yogyakarta: Debut Press.

Setyawati, Yuningtyas. (2005). “Diversifikasi Bidang Usaha Rumah Tangga Nelayan Pantai Ngrenehan sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Pendapatan Keluargaâ€. Laporan Penelitian. Tidak Diterbitkan. Yogyakarta: Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta.

Schneider, H. & M.-H. Libercier. (1995). Toward a New Partnership. Dalam H. Schneider. & M.-H. Libercier (eds) Participatory Development: From Advocary to Action. Paris: OECD.

Seidman, Steven. (1998). Contested knowledge: social theory in the postmodern era, 2nd edtion, USA: Blackewell Publisher Inc.

Warren, Chris et all. (1997). Social action with children and families: A community development approach to child and family welfare, London: Routledge.

Young, Kate. (1993). Planning development with women: Making a world of difference, London and Basingstoke: The Maxmilllan Press Ltd.crossref

Issue

Section

ARTICLES