KEBUDAYAAN, KEKERABATAN DAN PERANTAUAN: Catatan Atas Tesis Yang Deterministik

Authors

  • Budi Rajab Jurusan Antropologi FISIP Unpad

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14203/jmb.v6i1.194

Abstract

In general, research on the migration process of the Minangkabau people evolve around two theses. First, the migration is caused by matrilineal kinship system in which the status and position of male is inferior to that of female. Second, Minangkabau community has a cultural mission that idealizes a desire for male to migrate in order to seek wealth and to gain new knowledge that their homeland cannot provide. However, both theses have profound weaknesses. On the first thesis, if it is true that matrilineal kinship system has driven male to migrate, then in an ethnic group with patrilineal kinship system the contrary should have taken place. But that is not the case. In both kinship systems the majority of migrating people are men. On the second thesis, ia a community that has no cultural mission about the purpose of migration, in fact, people still tend to migrate. A study conducted by the writer concluded that both matrilineal kinship system and cultural mission only play as intervening variables which have increased the size of the migration. The main determinant remains rural-urban imabalances in economic development that have attracted people to move to cities.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdullah, Taufik. 1987. “Adat dan Islam,†dalam Taufik Abdullah

(Penyunting), Sejarah dan Masyarakat; Lintasan Historis Islam di Indonesia, Jakarta, Yayasan Obor Indonesia.

Abustam, Muhammad Idrus. 1989. Gerak Penduduk, Pembangunan, dan

Perubahan Sosial, Jakarta, UI-Press.

Barth, Fredrik. 1988. Kelompok Etnik dan Batasannya, Jakarta, UI-Press.

von Benda-Beckman, Franz. 2000. Properti dan Kesinambungan Sosial;

Kesinambungan dan Perubahan dalam pemeliharaan Hubungan-hubunganProperti Sepanjang Masa di Minangkabau, Jakarta,Grasindo.

Boserup, Ester. 1965. The Conditions of Agriculture Growth, Chicago, Aldine.

Geertz, Clifford. 1983. Involusi Pertanian; Proses Perubahan Ekologi di

Indonesia, Jakarta, Bhratara Karya Aksara.

Goldscheider, Calvin. 1985. Populasi, Modernisasi, dan Struktur Sosial,

Jakarta, Rajawali Pers.

Heilbroner, Robert L. 1982. Terbentuknya Masyarakat Ekonomi, Jakarta,

Ghalia.

Hugo, Graeme J. 1977. “Circular Migration,†dalam Bulletin of Indonesian

Economic Studies, XIII (3).

Kato, Tsuyoshi. 1982. Matriliny and Migration, Evolving Minangkabau

Traditions in Indonesia, Cornell, Cornell University Press.

Koentjaraningrat. 1980. Beberapa Pokok Antropologi Sosial, Jakarta, Dian Rakyat.

van Leur, J.C. 1960. Indonesian Trade and Society, Bandung, Sumur Bandung.

Mackie, J.A.C. 1993. “Regional Demographic History as a Clue to Socio-

Economic Changes; The Residency of Surabaya 1890-1900 as a Case

Study,†dalam Thomas J. Linblad (ed.), New Chalanges in the Modern

Economic History of Indonesia, Leiden, Program of Indonesia Studies.

Meilink-Roelofsz, M.A.P. 1962. Asian Trade and Eropean Influence in the

Indonesian Archipelago between 1500 and about 1630, The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff.

Naim, Mochtar. 1979. Pola Migrasi Suku Minangkabau, Jakarta, LP3ES.

Pelly, Usman. 1994. Urbanisasi dan Adaptasi; Peranan Misi Budaya

Minangkabau dan Mandailing, Jakarta, LP3ES.

Polanyi, Karl. 1944. The Great Transformation, New York, Holt, Rinehart & Winston. Postel-Coster, Els. 1987. “The Image of Women in Minangkabau Fiction,†dalam Elsbeth Locher-Scholten and Anke Niehof (ed.), Indonesian Women in Focus, Dordrecht_Holland, Foris Publications.

Reid Anthony. 1992. Asia Tenggara dalam Kurun Niaga 1450 - 1680; Tanah di Bawah Angin, Jakarta, Yayasan Obor Indonesia.

Reid, Anthony. 1999. Dari Ekspansi Hingga Krisis; Jaringan Perdagangan

Global Asia Tenggara 1450 – 1680, Jakarta, Yayasan Obor Indonesia.

Ropke, Jochen. 1988. Kebebasan yang Terhambat; Perkembangan Ekonomi dan Prilaku Kegiatan Usaha di Indonesia, Gramedia.

Schermerhorn, Richard A. 1983. “Ethnicity and Minority Groups,†dalam John

Hutchinson & Anthony D. Smith (ed.), Ethicity, Oxford, Oxford University Press.

Schermerhorn. 1978. Comparative Ethnic Relations, Chicago, The University of Chicago Press.

Schrieke, B.O.J. 1955. Indonesian Sociological Studies, The Hague, van

Hoeve.

Service, Elman R. 1975. Origins of the State and Civilazation; the Process of Cultural Evolution, New York, Norton.

Van Niel, Robert. 1984. Munculnya Elit Modern Indonesia, Jakarta,Pustaka Jaya.

Wittfogel, Karl. 1957. Oriental Despotism, New Haven, Yale University Press.

Young, Kenneth R. 1988. “Sistem Tanam Paksa di Sumatera Barat; Stagnasi Ekonomi dan Jalan Buntu Politik,†dalam Anne Botth, J. O’Malley, dan Anne Weidemann (Penyunting), Sejarah Ekonomi Indonesia, Jakarta, LP3ES.

Issue

Section

ARTICLES